HAARP: Weapon of Mass Destruction
“...many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased.” —Daniel 12:4
One of the ways in which HAARP is thought to work is similar to firing a cap gun in an avalanche area. The snow is built up, ready to collapse and even the slightest disturbance causes an avalanche. That's one way that HAARP works. In key areas where seismic pressures are ready to shift, HAARP bombards the already sensitive area with an incredible amount of energy in the form of a beam that reflects off the ionosphere. The earth's tectonic plates vibrate and an earthquake results.
Background of the HAARP Project
Prepared by Rosalie Bertell, Ph.D., GNSH
Military interest in
space became intense during and after World War II because of the
introduction of rocket science, the companion to nuclear technology. The
early versions include the buzz bomb and guided missiles. They were
thought of as potential carriers of both nuclear and conventional bombs.
Rocket technology and nuclear weapon
technology developed simultaneously between 1945 and 1963. During this
time of intensive atmospheric nuclear testing, explosions at various
levels above and below the surface of the earth were attempted. Some of
the now familiar descriptions of the earth's protective atmosphere, such
as the existence of the Van Allen belts, were based on information gained
through stratospheric and ionospheric experimentation.
The earth's atmosphere consists of the
troposphere, from sea level to about 16 km above the earth's surface; the
stratosphere (which contains the ozone level) which extends from about the
16 to 48 km above the earth; and the ionosphere which extends from 48 km
to over 50,000 km above the surface of the earth.
The earth's protective atmosphere or "skin"
extends beyond 3,200 km above sea level to the large magnetic fields,
called the Van Allen Belts, which can capture the charged particles
sprayed through the cosmos by the solar and galactic winds. These belts
were discovered in 1958 during the first weeks of the operation of
America's first satellite, Explorer I. They appear to contain charged
particles trapped in the earth's gravity and magnetic fields. Primary
galactic cosmic rays enter the solar system from interstellar space, and
are made up of protons with energies above 100 MeV, extending up to
astronomically high energies.
They make up about 100 percent of the high
energy rays. Solar rays are generally of lower energy, below 20 MeV (which
is still high energy in earth terms). These high energy particles are
affected by the earth's magnetic field and by geomagnetic latitude
(distance above or below the geomagnetic equator). The flux density of low
energy protons at the top of the atmosphere is normally greater at the
poles than at the equator. The density also varies with solar activity,
being at a minimum when solar flares are at a minimum.
The Van Allen belts capture charged particles
(protons, electrons and alpha particles) and these spiral along the
magnetic force lines toward the polar regions where the force lines
converge. They are reflected back and forth between the magnetic force
lines near the poles. The lower Van Allen Belt is about 7700 km above the
earth's surface, and the outer Van Allen Belt is about 51,500 km above the
surface. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Van Allen belts are
most intense along the equator, and effectively absent over the poles.
They dip to 400 km over the South Atlantic Ocean, and are about 1,000 km
high over the Central Pacific Ocean. In the lower Van Allen Belt, the
proton intensity is about 20,000 particles with energy above 30 MeV per
second per square centimeter. Electrons reach a maximum energy of 1 MeV,
and their intensity has a maximum of 100 million per second per square
centimeter. In the outer Belt, proton energy averages only 1 MeV. For
comparison, most charged particles discharged in a nuclear explosion
range between 0.3 and 3 MeV, while diagnostic medical X-ray has peak
voltage around 0.5 MeV.
Project Argus (1958)
Between August and September 1958, the US
Navy exploded three fission type nuclear bombs 480 km above the South
Atlantic Ocean, in the part of the lower Van Allen Belt closest to the
earth's surface. In addition, two hydrogen bombs were detonated 160 km
over Johnston Island in the Pacific. The military called this "the biggest
scientific experiment ever undertaken." It was designed by the US
Department of Defense and the US Atomic Energy Commission, under the code
name Project Argus. The purpose appears to be to assess the impact of high
altitude nuclear explosions on radio transmission and radar operations
because of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and to increase understanding
of the geomagnetic field and the behavior of the charged particles in it.
This gigantic experiment created new (inner)
magnetic radiation belts encompassing almost the whole earth, and injected
sufficient electrons and other energetic particles into the ionosphere to
cause world wide effects. The electrons traveled back and forth along
magnetic force lines, causing an artificial "aurora" when striking the
atmosphere near the North Pole.
The US Military planned to create a
"telecommunications shield" in the ionosphere, reported in 13-20 August
1961, Keesings Historisch Archief (K.H.A.). This shield would be created
"in the ionosphere at 3,000 km height, by bringing into orbit 350,000
million copper needles, each 2-4 cm long [total weight 16 kg], forming a
belt 10 km thick and 40 km wide, the needles spaced about 100 m apart."
This was designed to replace the ionosphere "because telecommunications
are impaired by magnetic storms and solar flares." The US planned to add
to the number of copper needles if the experiment proved to be successful.
This plan was strongly opposed by the Intentional Union of Astronomers.
Project Starfish (1962)
On July 9, 1962, the US began a further
series of experiments with the ionosphere. From their description: "one
kiloton device, at a height of 60 km and one megaton and one
multi-megaton, at several hundred kilometers height" (K.H.A., 29 June
1962). These tests seriously disturbed the lower Van Allen Belt,
substantially altering its shape and intensity. "In this experiment the
inner Van Allen Belt will be practically destroyed for a period of time;
particles from the Belt will be transported to the atmosphere. It is
anticipated that the earth's magnetic field will be disturbed over long
distances for several hours, preventing radio communication. The explosion
in the inner radiation belt will create an artificial dome of polar light
that will be visible from Los Angeles" (K.H.A. 11 May 1962). A Fijian
Sailor, present at this nuclear explosion, told me that the whole sky was
on fire and he thought it would be the end of the world. This was the
experiment which called forth the strong protest of the Queen's
Astronomer, Sir Martin Ryle in the UK.
"The ionosphere [according to the
under-standing at that time] that part of the atmosphere between 65 and 80
km and 280- 320 km height, will be disrupted by mechanical forces caused
by the pressure wave following the explosion. At the same time, large
quantities of ionizing radiation will be released, further ionizing the
gaseous components of the atmosphere at this height. This ionization
effect is strengthened by the radiation from the fission products... The
lower Van Allen Belt, consisting of charged particles that move along the
geomagnetic field lines... will similarly be disrupted. As a result of the
explosion, this field will be locally destroyed, while countless new
electrons will be introduced into the lower belt" (K.H.A. 11 May 1962).
"On 19 July... NASA announced that as a consequence of the high altitude
nuclear test of July 9, a new radiation belt had been formed, stretching
from a height of about 400 km to 1600 km; it can be seen as a temporary
extension of the lower Van Allen Belt" (K.H.A. 5 August 1962).
As explained in the Encyclopedia Britannica:
"... Starfish made a much wider belt [than Project Argus] that extends
from low altitude out past L=3 [i.e. three earth radiuses or about 13,000
km above the surface of the earth]." Later in 1962, the USSR undertook
similar planetary experiments, creating three new radiation belts between
7,000 and 13,000 km above the earth. According to the Encyclopedia, the
electron fluxes in the lower Van Allen Belt have changed markedly since
the 1962 high- altitude nuclear explosions by the US and USSR, never
returning to their former state. According to American scientists, it
could take many hundreds of years for the Van Allen Belts to destabilize
at their normal levels. (Research done by: Nigel Harle, Borderland
Archives, Cortenbachstraat 32, 6136 CH Sittard, Netherlands.)
SPS: Solar Power Satellite Project (1968)
In 1968 the US military proposed Solar
Powered Satellites in geostationary orbit some 40,000 km above the earth,
which would intercept solar radiation using solar cells on satellites and
transmit it via a microwave beam to receiving antennas, called rectennas,
on earth. The US Congress mandated the Department of Energy and NASA to
prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment on this project, to be
completed by June 1980, and costing $25 Million. This project was designed
to construct 60 Solar Powered Satellites over a thirty year period at a
cost between $500 and $800 thousand million (in 1968 dollars), providing
100 percent of the US energy needs in the year 2025 at a cost of $3000 per
kW. At that time, the project cost was two to three times larger than the
whole Department of Energy budget, and the projected cost of the
electricity was well above the cost of most conventional energy sources.
The rectenna sites on earth were expected to take up to 145 square
kilometers of land, and would preclude habitation by any humans, animals
or even vegetation. Each Satellite was to be the size of Manhattan Island.
Saturn V Rocket (1975)
Due to a malfunction, the Saturn V Rocket
burned unusually high in the atmosphere, above 300 km. This burn produced
"a large ionospheric hole" (Mendillo, M. Et al., Science p. 187, 343,
1975). The disturbance reduced the total electron content more than 60%
over an area 1,000 km in radius, and lasted for several hours. It
prevented all telecommunications over a large area of the Atlantic Ocean.
The phenomenon was apparently caused by a reaction between the exhaust
gases and ionospheric oxygen ions. The reaction emitted a 6300 A airglow.
Between 1975 and 1981 NASA and the US Military began to design ways to
test this new phenomena through deliberate experimentation with the
ionosphere.
SPS Military Implications (1978)
Early review of the Solar Powered Satellite
Project began in around 1978, and I was on the review panel. Although this
was proposed as an energy program, it had significant military
implications. One of the most significant, first pointed out by Michael J.
Ozeroff, was the possibility of developing a satellite-borne beam weapon
for anti-ballistic missile (ABM) use. The satellites were to be in
geosynchronous orbits, each providing an excellent vantage point from
which an entire hemisphere can be surveyed continuously. It was speculated
that a high-energy laser beam could function as a thermal weapon to
disable or destroy enemy missiles. There was some discussion of electron
weapon beams, through the use of a laser beam to preheat a path for the
following electron beam.
The SPS was also described as a psychological
and anti- personnel weapon, which could be directed toward an enemy. If
the main microwave beam was redirected away from its rectenna, toward
enemy personnel, it could use an infrared radiation wave- length
(invisible) as an anti-personnel weapon. It might also be possible to
transmit high enough energy to ignite combustible materials. Laser beam
power relays could be made from the SPS satellite to other satellites or
platforms, for example aircraft, for military purposes. One application
might be a laser powered turbofan engine which would receive the laser
beam directly in its combustion chamber, producing the required high
temperature gas for its cruising operation. This would allow unlimited
on-station cruise time. As a psychological weapon, the SPS was capable of
causing general panic
The SPS would be able to transmit power to
remote military operations anywhere needed on earth. The manned platform
of the SPS would provide surveillance and early warning capability, and
ELF linkage to submarines. It would also provide the capability of jamming
enemy communications. The potential for jamming and creating
communications is significant. The SPS was also capable of causing
physical changes in the ionosphere
President Carter approved the SPS Project and
gave it a go- ahead, in spite of the reservation which many reviewers,
myself included, expressed. Fortunately, it was so expensive, exceeding
the entire Department of Energy budget, that funding was denied by the
Congress. I approached the United Nations Committee on Disarmament on this
project, but was told that as long as the program was called Solar Energy
by the United States, it could not be considered a weapons project. The
same project resurfaced in the US under President Reagan. He moved it to
the much larger budget of the Department of Defense and called it Star
Wars. Since this is more recent history, I will not discuss the debate
which raged over this phase of the plan.
By 1978, it was apparent to the US Military
that communications in a nuclear hostile environment would not be possible
using traditional methods of radio and television technology (Jane's
Military Communications 1978). By 1982, GTE Sylvania (Needham Heights,
Massachusetts) had developed a command control electronic sub-system for
the US Air Force's Ground Launch Cruise Missiles (GLCM) that would enable
military commanders to monitor and control the missile prior to launch
both in hostile and non-hostile environments. The system contains six
radio subsystems, created with visible light using a dark beam (not
visible) and is resistant to the disruptions experienced by radio and
television. Dark beams contribute to the formation of energetic plasma in
the atmosphere. This plasma can become visible as smog or fog. Some has a
different charge than the sun's energy, and accumulates in places where
the sun's energy is absent, like the polar regions in the winter. When the
polar spring occurs, the sun appears and repels this plasma, contributing
to holes in the ozone layer. This military system is called: Ground Wave
Emergency Network (GWEN). (See The SECOMII Communication System, by Wayne
Olsen, SAND 78- 0391,Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, April
1978.) This innovative emergency radio system was apparently never
implemented in Europe, and exists only in North America.
Orbit Maneuvering System (1981)
Part of the plan to build the SPS space
platforms was the demand for reusable space shuttles, since they could not
afford to keep discarding rockets. The NASA Spacelab 3 Mission of the
Space Shuttle made, in 1981, "a series of passes over a network of five
ground based observatories" in order to study what happened to the
ionosphere when the Shuttle injected gases into it from the Orbit
Maneuvering System (OMS). They discovered that they could "induce
ionospheric holes" and began to experiment with holes made in the daytime,
or at night over Millstone, Connecticut, and Arecibo, Puerto Rico. They
experimented with the effects of "artificially induced ionospheric
depletions on very low frequency wave lengths, on equatorial plasma
instabilities, and on low frequency radio astronomical observations over
Roberval, Quebec, Kwajelein, in the Marshall Islands and Hobart, Tasmania"
(Advanced Space Research, Vo1.8, No. 1, 1988).
Innovative Shuttle Experiments (1985)
An innovative use of the Space Shuttle to
perform space physics experiments in earth orbit was launched, using the
OMS injections of gases to "cause a sudden depletion in the local plasma
concentration, the creation of a so called ionospheric hole." This
artificially induced plasma depletion can then be used to investigate
other space phenomena, such as the growth of the plasma instabilities or
the modification of radio propagation paths. The 47 second OMS burn of
July 29, 1985, produced the largest and most long-lived ionospheric hole
to date, dumping some 830 kg of exhaust into the ionosphere at sunset. A 6
second, 68 km OMS release above Connecticut in August 1985, produced an
airglow which covered over 400,000 square km.
During the 1980's, rocket launches globally
numbered about 500 to 600 a year, peaking at 1500 in 1989. There were many
more during the Gulf War. The Shuttle is the largest of the solid fuel
rockets, with twin 45 meter boosters. All solid fuel rockets release large
amounts of hydrochloric acid in their exhaust, each Shuttle flight
injecting about 75 tons of ozone destroying chlorine into the
stratosphere. Those launched since 1992 inject even more ozone-destroying
chlorine, about 187 tons, into the stratosphere (which contains the ozone
layer).
Mighty Oaks (1986)
In April 1986, just before the Chernobyl
disaster, the US had a failed hydrogen test at the Nevada Test Site called
Mighty Oaks. This test, conducted far underground, consisted of a hydrogen
bomb explosion in one chamber, with a leaded steel door to the chamber,
two meters thick, closing within milliseconds of the blast. The door was
to allow only the first radioactive beam to escape into the "control room"
in which expensive instrumentation was located. The radiation was to be
captured as a weapon beam. The door failed to close as quickly as planned,
causing the radioactive gases and debris to fill the control room,
destroying millions of dollars worth of equipment. The experiment was part
of a program to develop X-ray and particle beam weapons. The radioactive
releases from Mighty Oaks were vented, under a "licensed venting" and were
likely responsible for many of the North American nuclear fallout reports
in May 1986, which were attributed to the Chernobyl disaster.
Desert Storm (1991)
According to Defense News, April 13 - 19,
1992, the US deployed an electromagnetic pulse weapon (EMP) in Desert
Storm, designed to mimic the flash of electricity from a nuclear bomb. The
Sandia National Laboratory had built a 23,000 square meter laboratory on
the Kirkland Air Force Base, 1989, to house the Hermes II electron beam
generator capable of producing 20 Trillion Watt pulses lasting 20
billionths to 25 billionths of a second. This X-ray simulator is called a
Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator. A stream of electrons hitting a metal
plate can produce a pulsed X-ray or gamma ray. Hermes II had produced
electron beams since 1974. These devises were apparently tested during the
Gulf War, although detailed information on them is sparse.
High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, HAARP (1993)
The HAARP Program is jointly managed by the
US Air Force and the US Navy, and is based in Gakona, Alaska. It is
designed to "understand, simulate and control ionospheric processes that
might alter the performance of communication and surveillance systems."
The HAARP system intends to beam 3.6 Gigawatts of effective radiated power
of high frequency radio energy into the ionosphere in order to:
- Generate extremely low frequency (ELF) waves for communicating with submerged submarines
- Conduct geophysical probes to identify and characterize natural ionospheric processes so that techniques can be developed to mitigate or control them
- Generate ionospheric lenses to focus large amounts of high frequency energy, thus providing a means of triggering ionospheric processes that potentially could be exploited for Department of Defense purposes,
- Electron acceleration for infrared (IR) and other optical emissions which could be used to control radio wave propagation properties
- Generate geomagnetic field aligned ionization to control the reflection/scattering properties of radio waves,
- Use oblique heating to produce effects on radio wave propagation, thus broadening the potential military applications of ionospheric enhancement technology.
Poker Flat Rocket Launch (1968 to Present)
The Poker Flat Research Range is located
about 50 km North of Fairbanks, Alaska, and it was established in 1968. It
is operated by the Geophysical Institute with the University of Alaska
Fairbanks, under NASA contract. About 250 major rocket launches have taken
place from this site, and in 1994, a 16 meter long rocket was launched to
help NASA "understand chemical reactions in the atmosphere associated with
global climate change." Similar experiments, but using Chemical Release
Modules (CRM), have been launched from Churchill, Manitoba. In 1980, Brian
Whelan's "Project Waterhole" disrupted an aurora borealis, bringing it to
a temporary halt. In February 1983, the chemical released into the
ionosphere caused an aurora borealis over Churchill. In March 1989, two
Black Brant X's and two Nike Orion rockets were launched over Canada,
releasing barium at high altitudes and creating artificial clouds. These
Churchill artificial clouds were observed from as far away as Los Alamos,
New Mexico.
The US Navy has also been carrying on High
Power Auroral Stimulation (HIPAS) research in Alaska. Through a series of
wires and a 15 meter antenna, they have beamed high intensity signals into
the upper atmosphere, generating a controlled disturbance in the
ionosphere. As early as 1992, the Navy talked of creating 10 kilometer
long antennas in the sky to generate extremely low frequency (ELF) waves
needed for communicating with submarines. Another purpose of these
experiments is to study the Aurora Borealis, called by some an outdoor
plasma lab for studying the principles of fusion. Shuttle flights are now
able to generate auroras with an electron beam.
On November 10, 1991, and
aurora borealis appeared in the Texas sky for the first time ever
recorded, and it was seen by people as far away as Ohio and Utah, Nebraska
and Missouri. The sky contained "Christmas colors" and various scientists
were quick to blame it on solar activity. However, when pressed most would
admit that the ionosphere must have been weakened at the time, so that the
electrically charged particle hitting the earth's atmosphere created the
highly visible light called airglow. These charged particles are normally
pulled northwards by the earth's magnetic forces, to the magnetic north
pole. The Northern Lights, as the aurora borealis is called, normally
occurs in the vortex at the pole where the energetic particles, directed
by the magnetic force lines, are directed.
Conclusions
It would be rash to assume that HAARP is an
isolated experiment which would not be expanded. It is related to fifty
years of intensive and increasingly destructive programs to understand and
control the upper atmosphere.
It would be rash not to associate HAARP with
the space laboratory construction which is separately being planned by the
United States. HAARP is an integral part of a long history of space
research and development of a deliberate military nature.
The military implications of combining these
projects is alarming.
Basic to this project is control of
communications, both disruption and reliability in hostile environments.
The power wielded by such control is obvious.
The ability of the HAARP / Spacelab/ rocket
combination to deliver very large amount of energy, comparable to a
nuclear bomb, anywhere on earth via laser and particle beams, are
frightening.
The project is likely to be "sold" to the
public as a space shield against incoming weapons, or, for the more
gullible, a devise for repairing the ozone layer.
Further References:
C.L. Herzenberg, Physics and Society,
April 1994.
R. Williams, Physics and Society,
April 1988.
B. Eastlund, Microwave News,
May/June 1994.
W. Kofinan and C. Lathuillere, Geophysical
Research Letters, Vol 14, No. 11, pp 1158-1161, November 1987 (Includes
French experiments at EISCAT).
G. Metz and F.W. Perkins. Ionospheric
Modification Theory: Past Present and Future, Radio Science, Vo1.9,
No. 11, pp 885 -888, November 1974.
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