CHANGING OF THE GUARD
Elite and Deft, Xi Aimed High Early in China
Sim Chi Yin for The New York Times
By IAN JOHNSON
Published: September 29, 2012
ZHENGDING County, China — Thirty years ago, a young government official with a plum job in Beijing made an odd request: reassignment to a poor rural area.
Changing of the Guard
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in this series are examining the implications for China and the rest of
the world of the coming changes in the leadership of the Chinese
Communist Party.
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Xie Huanchi/Xinhua, via Associated Press
At
the time, millions of young people were still clawing their way back to
China’s urban centers after being exiled to the countryside in the Mao
era. But 30-year-old Xi Jinpingbucked
the trend, giving up a secure post as adviser to a top military leader
to navigate the tumultuous village politics of Zhengding, in Hebei
Province.
The move offers a window on the
political savvy of Mr. Xi, who, despite a recent two-week absence from
public view that raised questions about his health, is on the cusp of
taking over as China’s supreme leader at a party congress that officials
announced Friday would begin Nov. 8.
Mr. Xi (his
full name is pronounced Shee Jin-ping) gained a measure of credibility
to speak for rural Chinese compared with many other well-connected
children of the elite. He also realized, according to several inside
accounts, that his powerful family stood firmly behind him, ensuring
that his stint in the countryside would be a productive and relatively
brief exercise in résumé building that could propel him up the Communist
Party hierarchy.
His powerful father, Xi
Zhongxun, a revolutionary-era military leader, helped orchestrate his
transfer, selecting Zhengding because of its relative
proximity to Beijing, and later having Mr. Xi reassigned when he ran
into local opposition, Chinese experts who have researched Mr. Xi’s
background said.
His connections allowed him to
take chances in Zhengding. He pushed through market-oriented reforms
when they were still considered cutting edge, and sidelined pro-Maoists.
His stint in the countryside also helped him form new alliances with
other offspring of the elite who would later prove important allies.
Even
three decades into the country’s rapid industrialization, China’s
leadership still pays heed to its heritage as a party of peasants, and
it has tended to promote officials who can claim to be deeply rooted in
the rural struggle. But it has also tended to favor “princelings,” the
privileged offspring of former leaders who had ties to the party’s
revolutionary history.
After his time in Zhengding, Mr. Xi could
check both boxes.
“People think of him as being
from the new generation of technocrats,” says Jin Zhong, a Hong
Kong-based analyst of Chinese political leaders. “But he’s really a
continuation of the red bureaucracy of his father’s generation.”
Mr.
Xi’s trajectory was similar to that of Bo Xilai, another princeling who
used stints in the provinces to create an image of a bold reformer and
champion of the poor before his career was derailed by a major scandal
this year. Mr. Xi’s stay in Zhengding, however, was characteristically
more cautious, even as parts of it have entered modern Chinese political
lore.
When Mr. Xi volunteered for rural duty in
1982, he did so along with two other up-and-coming officials, including
Liu Yuan, son of the former head of state under Mao, Liu Shaoqi.
The
men’s decision to work at the grass roots caught the popular
imagination after the author Ke Yunlu wrote a 1986 novel, “New Star,”
about a party secretary who takes modern, market ideas to a backward
province. The official meets many troubles but manages to triumph.
The
novel’s hero was a composite character based on Mr. Xi and the other
two young officials. The book was soon made into a popular television
series and is still widely known as a classic of that early reform era.
What
Mr. Xi found in Zhengding was less romantic than the novel. He had
hoped to be a party secretary with direct authority over a town or
county but the conservative provincial party secretary, Gao Yang,
blocked that. Disgusted by inexperienced but well-connected princelings
like Mr. Xi parachuting into his domain, Mr. Gao made him deputy party
secretary of Zhengding.
Still, Mr. Xi took on the
assignment with gusto. He wore a green army greatcoat from his
involuntary service in another rural area under Mao, roaming the town
night and day to survey its problems. Wang Youhui, a local official,
wrote in a published essay that he recalls seeing Mr. Xi for the first
time and being taken aback by his plain style.
“I
realized that this guy, who from his style of dress made him look like a
lad from the canteen crew, was the new deputy party secretary,” Mr.
Wang wrote.
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